The infamy of n - - is - it's a word that has been used to terrorize people, to put people down. But it has also been used in other ways. It's also been used as a way of putting a mirror up to racism.

Go back and take a look at what some black writers were saying in the 1820s, the 1830s. They make mention of how some white people would tell their children, if you don't behave, we're going to put you in the n - - seat. If you don't behave, we are going to make you sit with the n - - s. That's why we know that, by then, the word had become a slur.

I think that many black people thought this would be a wonderful and extraordinary thing, for a black family to occupy the White House. Not only black people a lot of white people thought that, too, but particularly black people.

I was born in Columbia in 1954, the year the Supreme Court invalidated racial segregation in public schools. I visited frequently but did not live there.

There are some people who make a big distinction between n - a, which they say is OK, and n - - . Now, in my view, it's important to know about that distinction, because some people put a lot of weight on it. I don't.

I will say go into the world and try to find good people that feel genuine affection and love for you, and disregard everything else about their background.

Any successful black person will have to face suspicion within his or her own community about his or her loyalty to other blacks.

If you want to put somebody down, analogize them to the n - - .