Not material or economic conditions in the ordinary sense, but perverse religious ideas explain the suspension of civilization in Europe from the 5th to the 12th century, and in the Mohammedan world after the 15th century.

An idea or institution may arise for one reason and be maintained for quite a different reason.

If, it was natural to reason, God punishes men with eternal torment, it is surely lawful for men to use doses of it in a good cause.

The sentiments attributed to Christ are in the Old Testament. They were familiar in the Jewish schools and to all the Pharisees, long before the time of Christ, as they were familiar in all the civilizations of the earth - Egyptian, Babylonian, and Persian, Greek, and Hindu.

Any body of men who believe in hell will persecute whenever they have the power.

No pope ever condemned slavery.

The Rationalist case needs no straining of evidence and always gains by the severest self-criticism.

Creeds made in Dark Ages are like drawings made in dark rooms