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The Athenians regularly maintained a number of degraded and useless beings at the public expense and when any calamity, such as plague, drought, or famine, befell the city, they sacrificed two of these outcast scapegoats.

James G. Frazer

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James G. Frazer
Age: 87 †
Born: 1854
Born: January 1
Died: 1941
Died: May 7
Anthropologist
Classical Scholar
Ethnographer
Ethnologist
Folklorist
Historian
Mythographer
Scientist
Theologian
Writer
Glasgow
Scotland
Sir James George Frazer
J. G. Frazer
James Frazer
Number
Famine
Scapegoats
City
Regularly
Athenians
Cities
Calamity
Degraded
Numbers
Plague
Scapegoat
Public
Expense
Drought
Two
Expenses
Outcast
Useless
Sacrificed
Beings
Maintained
Befell

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The slow, the never ending approach to truth consists in perpetually forming and testing hypotheses, accepting those at which at the time seem to fit the facts and rejecting the others.
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The world cannot live at the level of its great men.
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The moral world is as little exempt as the physical world from the law of ceaseless change, of perpetual flux.
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If mankind had always been logical and wise, history would not be a long chronicle of folly and crime.
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Small minds cannot grasp great ideas to their narrow comprehension, their purblind vision, nothing seems really great and important but themselves.
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The advance of knowledge is an infinite progression towards a goal that ever recedes.
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It is a common rule with primitive people not to waken a sleeper, because his soul is away and might not have time to get back.
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In primitive society, where uniformity of occupation is the rule, and the distribution of the community into various classes of workers has hardly begun, every man is more or less his own magician he practices charms and incantations for his own good and the injury of his enemies.
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The scapegoat upon whom the sins of the people are periodically laid, may also be a human being.
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Man has created gods in his own likeness and being himself mortal he has naturally supposed his creatures to be in the same sad predicament.
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Even the recognition of an individual whom we see every day is only possible as the result of an abstract idea of him formed by generalization from his appearances in the past.
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The man of science, like the man of letters, is too apt to view mankind only in the abstract, selecting in his consideration only a single side of our complex and many-sided being.
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This doctrine of transmigration or reincarnation of the soul is found among many tribes of savages
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For there are strong grounds for thinking that, in the evolution of thought, magic has preceded religion.
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The old notion that the savage is the freest of mankind is the reverse of the truth. He is a slave, not indeed to a visible master, but to the past, to the spirits of his dead forefathers, who haunt his steps from birth to death, and rule him with a rod of iron.
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The second principle of magic: things which have once been in contact with each other continue to act on each other at a distance after the physical contact has been severed.
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Indeed the influence of music on the development of religion is a subject which would repay a sympathetic study.
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By religion, then, I understand a propitiation or conciliation of powers superior to man which are believed to direct and control the course of nature and of human life.
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In point of fact magicians appear to have often developed into chiefs and kings.
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Yet perhaps no sacrifice is wholly useless which proves there are men who prefer honour to life.
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