Hence, within the space of two generations there has been a complete revolution in the attitude of the trades-unions toward the women working in their trades.

It is fatal for any body of workers to have forever hanging from the fringes of its skirts other bodies on a level just below its own for that means continual pressure downward, additional difficulty to be overcome in the struggle to maintain reasonable rates of wages.

In the garment trades, on the other hand, the presence of a body of the disfranchised, of the weak and young, undoubtedly contributes to the economic weakness of these trades.

The workingmen have perceived that women are in the field of industry to stay and they see, too, that there can not be two standards of work and wages for any trade without constant menace to the higher standard.