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The free trade movement in the middle of the last century represents the first conscious recognition of these new circumstances and of the necessity to adapt to them.

Christian Lous Lange

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Christian Lous Lange
Age: 69 †
Born: 1869
Born: September 17
Died: 1938
Died: December 11
Diplomat
Historian
Peace Activist
Political Scientist
Politician
Writer
Stavanger
Norway
First
Circumstances
Movement
Century
Adapt
Middle
Represents
Lasts
Necessity
Last
Recognition
Free
Trade
Firsts
Conscious

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The main concept is that of an international solidarity expressed in practice through worldwide division of labor: free trade is the principal point in the program of internationalism.
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Today we stand on a bridge leading from the territorial state to the world community. Politically, we are still governed by the concept of the territorial state economically and technically, we live under the auspices of worldwide communications and worldwide markets.
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The theoretically unrestricted right to develop power, to wage war against other states, is antisocial and is doubly dangerous, because the state as a mass entity represents a low moral and intellectual level.
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Concord, solidarity, and mutual help are the most important means of enabling animal species to survive.
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Internationalism on the other hand admits that spiritual achievements have their roots deep in national life from this national consciousness art and literature derive their character and strength and on it even many of the humanistic sciences are firmly based.
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The simultaneous reactions elicited all over the world by the reading of newspaper dispatches about the same events create, as it were, a common mental pulse beat for the whole of civilized mankind.
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History shows us that other highly developed forms of civilization have collapsed. Who knows whether the same fate does not await our own?
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The territorial state is such an ancient form of society - here in Europe it dates back thousands of years - that it is now protected by the sanctity of age and the glory of tradition. A strong religious feeling mingles with the respect and the devotion to the fatherland.
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Internationalism is a social and political theory, a certain concept of how human society ought to be organized, and in particular a concept of how the nations ought to organize their mutual relations.
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Propaganda must appeal to mankind's better judgment and to the necessary belief in a better future. For this belief, the valley of the shadow of death is but a war station on the road to the blessed summit.
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Technology is a useful servant but a dangerous master.
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Just as characteristic, perhaps, is the intellectual interdependence created through the development of the modern media of communication: post, telegraph, telephone, and popular press.
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It is against this concept of the sovereign state, a state isolated by protectionism and militarism, that internationalism must now engage in decisive battle.
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Every time economic and technical development takes a step forward, forces emerge which attempt to create political forms for what, on the economic-technical plane, has already more or less become reality.
Christian Lous Lange
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Earlier ages fortified themselves behind the sovereign state, behind protectionism and militarism.
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No state is free from militarism, which is inherent in the very concept of the sovereign state. There are merely differences of degree in the militarism of states.
Christian Lous Lange
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Only recently, during the nineteenth century, and then only in Europe, do we meet forms of the state which have been created by a deliberate national feeling.
Christian Lous Lange
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In particular, the efforts to reestablish peace after the World War have been directed toward the formation of states and the regulation of their frontiers according to a consciously national program.
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But teleological considerations can lead no further than to a belief and a hope. They do not give certainty.
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It is an accepted commonplace in psychology that the spiritual level of people acting as a crowd is far lower than the mean of each individual's intelligence or morality.
Christian Lous Lange