Knowledge resides in the user and not in the collection. It is how the user reacts to a collection of information that matters.

We have overwhelming evidence that available information plus analysis does not lead to knowledge. The management science team can properly analyse a situation and present recommendations to the manager, but no change occurs. The situation is so familiar to those of us who try to practice management science that I hardly need to describe the cases.

The measure of our intellectual capacity is the capacity to feel less and less satisfied with our answers to better and better problems.