The measure of our intellectual capacity is the capacity to feel less and less satisfied with our answers to better and better problems.

We have overwhelming evidence that available information plus analysis does not lead to knowledge. The management science team can properly analyse a situation and present recommendations to the manager, but no change occurs. The situation is so familiar to those of us who try to practice management science that I hardly need to describe the cases.

Knowledge resides in the user and not in the collection. It is how the user reacts to a collection of information that matters.