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In the world of securities, courage becomes the supreme virtue after adequate knowledge and a tested judgment are at hand.
Benjamin Graham
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Benjamin Graham
Age: 82 †
Born: 1894
Born: May 8
Died: 1976
Died: September 21
Economist
Financier
Investor
University Teacher
Writer
London
England
Security
Virtue
Securities
Hand
Adequate
Knowledge
Tested
Hands
Supreme
World
Judgment
Courage
Becomes
More quotes by Benjamin Graham
An investment operation is one which, upon thorough analysis, promises safety of principal and an adequate return.
Benjamin Graham
The chief obstacle to success lies in the stubborn fact that if the favorable prospects of a concern are clearly apparent they are almost always reflected already in the current price of the stock. Buying such an issue is like betting on a topheavy favorite in a horse race. The chances may be on your side, but the real odds are against you.
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Mr. Market does not always price stocks the way an appraiser or a private buyer would value a business. Instead, when stocks are going up, he happily pays more than their objective value and, when they are going down, he is desperate to dump them for less than their true worth.
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Always buy your straw hats in the Winter
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The purchase of a bargain issue presupposes that the market's current appraisal is wrong, or at least that the buyer's idea of value is more likely to be right than the market's. In this process the investor sets his judgement against that of the market. To some this may seem arrogant or foolhardy.
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Buy when most people, including experts, are pessimistic, and sell when they are actively optimistic.
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Always remember that market quotations are there for convenience, either to be taken advantage of or to be ignored.
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The market is a pendulum that forever swings between unsustainable optimism (which makes stocks too expensive) and unjustified pessimism (which makes them too cheap). The intelligent investor is a realist who sells to optimists and buys from pessimists.
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It's nonsensical to derive a price/earnings ratio by dividing the known current price by unknown future earnings.
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It should be remembered that a decline of 50% fully offsets a preceding advance of 100%.
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Good managements produce a good average market price, and bad managements produce bad market prices.
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The investor should be aware that even though safety of its principal and interest may be unquestioned, a long term bond could vary widely in market price in response to changes in interest rates.
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A stock is not just a ticker symbol or an electronic blip it is an ownership interest in an actual business, with an underlying value that does not depend on its share price.
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The defensive (or passive) investor will place chief emphasis on the avoidance of serious mistakes or losses. His second aim will be freedom from effort, annoyance, and the need for making frequent decisions.
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The intelligent investor should recognize that market panics can create great prices for good companies and good prices for great companies.
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In the financial markets, hindsight is forever 20/20, but foresight is legally blind. And thus, for most investors, market timing is a practical and emotional impossibility.
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Stock speculation is largely a matter of A trying to decide what B, C and D are likely to think-with B, C and D trying to do the same.
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To establish the right price for a stock, the market must have adequate information, but it by no means follows that is the market has this information it will thereupon establish the right price.
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The value of the security analyst to the investor depends largely on the investor's own attitude. If the investor asks the analyst the right questions, he is likely to get the right or at least valuable answers.
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Diversification is an established tenet of conservative investment.
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