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Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
People
Indeed
Plagued
Threat
Impending
Remain
Coping
Ones
Capabilities
Less
Threats
Sense
Competent
Self
Assured
Many
Capability
Unperturbed

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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
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People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided.
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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Self efficacious children tend to attribute their successes to ability, but ability attributions affect performance indirectly through perceived self-efficacy
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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The presence of many interacting influences, including the attainments of others, create further leeway in how one's performances and outcomes are cognitively appraised
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
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Perceived self-efficacy also shapes causal thinking. In seeking solutions to difficult problems, those who perceived themselves as highly efficacious are inclined to attribute their failures to insufficient effort, whereas those of comparable skills but lower perceived self-efficacy ascribe their failures to deficient ability
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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
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Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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Humans are producers of their life circumstance not just products of them.
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
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