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Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
People
Indeed
Plagued
Threat
Impending
Remain
Coping
Ones
Capabilities
Less
Threats
Sense
Competent
Self
Assured
Many
Capability
Unperturbed

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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest
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A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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One cannot afford to be a realist.
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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People who hold a low view of themselves [will credit] their achievements to external factors, rather than to their own capabilities.
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What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. The natural and extrinsic effects of their actions, in turn, partly determine their thought patterns and affective reactions.
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
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Self-appraisals are influenced by evaluative reactions of others.
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Because of such conjointedness, behavior that exerts no effect whatsoever on outcomes is developed and consistently performed
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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The presence of many interacting influences, including the attainments of others, create further leeway in how one's performances and outcomes are cognitively appraised
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When people are not aiming for anything in particular or when they cannot monitor their performance, there is little basis for translating perceived efficacy into appropriate magnitudes of effort
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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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