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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
Albert Bandura
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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Social
Experiences
Operates
Others
Behavior
Undoubtedly
Children
Failure
Repeatedly
Way
Probably
Attainment
Ways
Gained
Knowledge
Observe
Success
Comparison
Process
Several
Attainments
More quotes by Albert Bandura
Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
Albert Bandura
Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
Albert Bandura
Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
Albert Bandura
Even the self-assured will raise their perceived self-efficacy if models teach them better ways of doing things.
Albert Bandura
The presence of many interacting influences, including the attainments of others, create further leeway in how one's performances and outcomes are cognitively appraised
Albert Bandura
When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
Albert Bandura
Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
Albert Bandura
A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
Albert Bandura
The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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Self-efficacy beliefs differ from outcome expectations, judgments of the likely consequence [that] behavior will produce.
Albert Bandura
People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions
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Persons who have a strong sense of efficacy deploy their attention and effort to the demands of the situation and are spurred by obstacles to greater effort.
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If you look at our theories of social pathology and then at the dismal conditions in which children grow up in our ghettos, you would predict that all of them would be on drugs or psychological basket cases. Yet if you use criteria like gainful employment, forming partnerships and life without crime, you will find that most of those kids make it.
Albert Bandura
The adequacy of performance attainments depends upon the personal standards against which they are judged
Albert Bandura
Because of such conjointedness, behavior that exerts no effect whatsoever on outcomes is developed and consistently performed
Albert Bandura
People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
Albert Bandura
Moral justification is a powerful disengagement mechanism. Destructive conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it in the service of moral ends. This is why most appeals against violent means usually fall on deaf ears.
Albert Bandura
