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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Ways
Gained
Knowledge
Observe
Success
Comparison
Process
Several
Attainments
Social
Experiences
Operates
Others
Behavior
Undoubtedly
Children
Failure
Repeatedly
Way
Probably
Attainment

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Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures
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The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
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What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. The natural and extrinsic effects of their actions, in turn, partly determine their thought patterns and affective reactions.
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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Persons who have a strong sense of efficacy deploy their attention and effort to the demands of the situation and are spurred by obstacles to greater effort.
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The evaluative habits developed in sibling interactions undoubtedly affect the salience and choice of comparative referents in self-ability evaluations in later life
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Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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