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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Learn
Diverse
Use
Accurate
Sense
Stable
Matter
Developing
Children
Source
Personal
Efficacy
Information
Considerable
Interest
Sources

More quotes by Albert Bandura

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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
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Through their capacity to manipulate symbols and to engage in reflective thought, people can generate novel ideas and innovative actions that transcend their past experiences
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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Self-efficacy beliefs differ from outcome expectations, judgments of the likely consequence [that] behavior will produce.
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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The presence of many interacting influences, including the attainments of others, create further leeway in how one's performances and outcomes are cognitively appraised
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Moral justification is a powerful disengagement mechanism. Destructive conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it in the service of moral ends. This is why most appeals against violent means usually fall on deaf ears.
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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
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Such self-referent misgivings creates stress and undermine effective use of the competencies people possess by diverting attention from how best to proceed to concern over personal failings and possible mishaps
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In any given instance, behavior can be predicted best by considering both self-efficacy and outcome beliefs . . . different patterns of self-efficacy and outcome beliefs are likely to produce different psychological effects
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In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.
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To grant thought causal efficacy is not to invoke a disembodied mental state
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions
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Convictions that outcomes are determined by one's own actions can be either demoralizing or heartening, depending on the level of self-judged efficacy. People who regard outcomes as personally determined, but who lack the requisite skills, would experience low self-efficacy and view the activities with a sense of futility
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