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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Sense
Stable
Matter
Developing
Children
Source
Personal
Efficacy
Information
Considerable
Interest
Sources
Learn
Diverse
Use
Accurate

More quotes by Albert Bandura

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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
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We are more heavily invested in the theories of failure than we are in the theories of success.
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience
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Social cognitive theory rejects the dichotomous conception of self as agent and self as object. Acting on the environment and acting on oneself entail shifting the perspective of the same agent rather than reifying different selves regulating each other or transforming the self from agent to object
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In the self-appraisal of efficacy, there are many sources of information that must be processed and weighed through self-referent thought
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The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
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Convictions that outcomes are determined by one's own actions can be either demoralizing or heartening, depending on the level of self-judged efficacy. People who regard outcomes as personally determined, but who lack the requisite skills, would experience low self-efficacy and view the activities with a sense of futility
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As a general rule, moderate levels of arousal facilitate deployment of skills, whereas high arousal disrupts it. This is especially true of complex activities requiring intricate organization of behavior
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Success and failure are largely self-defined in terms of personal standards. The higher the self-standards, the more likely will given attainments be viewed as failures, regardless of what others might think.
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Perceived self-efficacy and beliefs about the locus of outcome causality must be distinguished
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Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
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If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
Albert Bandura
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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