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The evaluative habits developed in sibling interactions undoubtedly affect the salience and choice of comparative referents in self-ability evaluations in later life
Albert Bandura
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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Later
Interactions
Choice
Evaluation
Habit
Undoubtedly
Choices
Sibling
Ability
Interaction
Self
Affect
Evaluative
Life
Habits
Evaluations
Developed
Comparative
More quotes by Albert Bandura
When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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Except for events that carry great weight, it is not experience per se, but how they match expectations, that governs their emotional impact
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
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As a general rule, moderate levels of arousal facilitate deployment of skills, whereas high arousal disrupts it. This is especially true of complex activities requiring intricate organization of behavior
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Comparative appraisals of efficacy require not only evaluation of ones own performances but also knowledge of how others do, cognizance of nonability determinants of their performances, and some understanding that it is others, like oneself, who provide the most informative social criterion for comparison
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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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Among the types of thoughts that affect action, none is more central or pervasive than people's judgments of their capabilities to deal effectively with different realities
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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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Perceived self-efficacy also shapes causal thinking. In seeking solutions to difficult problems, those who perceived themselves as highly efficacious are inclined to attribute their failures to insufficient effort, whereas those of comparable skills but lower perceived self-efficacy ascribe their failures to deficient ability
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Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
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Discrepancies between self-efficacy judgment and performance will arise when either the tasks or the circumstances under which they are performed are ambiguous
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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[Children] receive direct instruction from time to time about the appropriateness of various social comparisons
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To the extent that children with similar characteristics achieve comparable performance levels, using the performances of similar peers is likely to yield more accurate self-appraisal than using the accomplishments of dissimilar peers
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Freedom [should not be] conceived negatively as exemption from social influences or situational constraints. Rather...positively as the exercise of self-influence to bring about desired results.
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If you look at our theories of social pathology and then at the dismal conditions in which children grow up in our ghettos, you would predict that all of them would be on drugs or psychological basket cases. Yet if you use criteria like gainful employment, forming partnerships and life without crime, you will find that most of those kids make it.
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