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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Experience
Beliefs
Contradicts
Change
Performance
Discount
May
Held
Import
Self
Performances
Discounts
People
Judgment
Imports
Lead
Efficacy
Conditions
Judgments
Belief
Firmly

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Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities
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Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge
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The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
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If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.
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Comparative appraisals of efficacy require not only evaluation of ones own performances but also knowledge of how others do, cognizance of nonability determinants of their performances, and some understanding that it is others, like oneself, who provide the most informative social criterion for comparison
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Except for events that carry great weight, it is not experience per se, but how they match expectations, that governs their emotional impact
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully
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People judge their capabilities partly by comparing their performances with those of others
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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After people become convinced they have what it takes to succeed, they persevere in the face of adversity and quickly rebound from setbacks. By sticking it out through tough times, they emerge stronger from adversity.
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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One cannot afford to be a realist.
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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest
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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry
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Regression analyses show that self-efficacy contributes to achievement behavior beyond the effects of cognitive skills
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