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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Belief
Firmly
Experience
Beliefs
Contradicts
Change
Performance
Discount
May
Held
Import
Self
Performances
Discounts
People
Judgment
Imports
Lead
Efficacy
Conditions
Judgments

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Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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To grant thought causal efficacy is not to invoke a disembodied mental state
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Dualistic doctrines that regard mind and body as separate entities do not provide much enlightenment on the nature of the disembodied mental state or on how an immaterial mind and bodily events act on each other
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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Persons who have a strong sense of efficacy deploy their attention and effort to the demands of the situation and are spurred by obstacles to greater effort.
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
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Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Ironically, it is the talented who have high aspirations, which are possible but exceedingly difficult to realize, who are especially vulnerable to self-dissatisfaction despite notable achievements.
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest
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There are countless studies on the negative spillover of job pressures on family life, but few on how job satisfaction enhances the quality of family life.
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[Children] receive direct instruction from time to time about the appropriateness of various social comparisons
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