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Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Seem
Stringent
Personal
Evaluation
Seems
Successes
Self
Failures
Make
Objective
Objectives
Otherwise
Standards

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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
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Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
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In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
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Moral justification is a powerful disengagement mechanism. Destructive conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it in the service of moral ends. This is why most appeals against violent means usually fall on deaf ears.
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Except for events that carry great weight, it is not experience per se, but how they match expectations, that governs their emotional impact
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The adequacy of performance attainments depends upon the personal standards against which they are judged
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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One cannot afford to be a realist.
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
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Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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Social cognitive theory rejects the dichotomous conception of self as agent and self as object. Acting on the environment and acting on oneself entail shifting the perspective of the same agent rather than reifying different selves regulating each other or transforming the self from agent to object
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Such self-referent misgivings creates stress and undermine effective use of the competencies people possess by diverting attention from how best to proceed to concern over personal failings and possible mishaps
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There are countless studies on the negative spillover of job pressures on family life, but few on how job satisfaction enhances the quality of family life.
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Self-efficacy beliefs differ from outcome expectations, judgments of the likely consequence [that] behavior will produce.
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[Children] receive direct instruction from time to time about the appropriateness of various social comparisons
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