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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Well
Judge
Judging
Students
Courses
Fared
Course
Performed
Knowing
Peers
Wells
Chemistry
Might
Physics

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People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
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Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
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People judge their capabilities partly by comparing their performances with those of others
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As a general rule, moderate levels of arousal facilitate deployment of skills, whereas high arousal disrupts it. This is especially true of complex activities requiring intricate organization of behavior
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Self efficacious children tend to attribute their successes to ability, but ability attributions affect performance indirectly through perceived self-efficacy
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
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Regression analyses show that self-efficacy contributes to achievement behavior beyond the effects of cognitive skills
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Freedom [should not be] conceived negatively as exemption from social influences or situational constraints. Rather...positively as the exercise of self-influence to bring about desired results.
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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Perceived self-efficacy influences the types of causal attributions people make for their performances
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Self-appraisals are influenced by evaluative reactions of others.
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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The evaluative habits developed in sibling interactions undoubtedly affect the salience and choice of comparative referents in self-ability evaluations in later life
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