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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Judging
Students
Courses
Fared
Course
Performed
Knowing
Peers
Wells
Chemistry
Might
Physics
Well
Judge

More quotes by Albert Bandura

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Among the types of thoughts that affect action, none is more central or pervasive than people's judgments of their capabilities to deal effectively with different realities
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People who hold a low view of themselves [will credit] their achievements to external factors, rather than to their own capabilities.
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In the self-appraisal of efficacy, there are many sources of information that must be processed and weighed through self-referent thought
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The presence of many interacting influences, including the attainments of others, create further leeway in how one's performances and outcomes are cognitively appraised
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Given a sufficient level of perceived self-efficacy to take on threatening tasks, phobics perform them with varying amounts of fear arousal depending on the strength of their perceived self-efficacy
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
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People judge their capabilities partly by comparing their performances with those of others
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Success and failure are largely self-defined in terms of personal standards. The higher the self-standards, the more likely will given attainments be viewed as failures, regardless of what others might think.
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In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
Albert Bandura
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
Albert Bandura