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Given a sufficient level of perceived self-efficacy to take on threatening tasks, phobics perform them with varying amounts of fear arousal depending on the strength of their perceived self-efficacy

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Strength
Amounts
Amount
Depending
Levels
Perceived
Fear
Threatening
Given
Perform
Self
Sufficient
Arousal
Take
Tasks
Varying
Level
Efficacy

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Persons who have a strong sense of efficacy deploy their attention and effort to the demands of the situation and are spurred by obstacles to greater effort.
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
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Perceived self-efficacy and beliefs about the locus of outcome causality must be distinguished
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People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
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Because of such conjointedness, behavior that exerts no effect whatsoever on outcomes is developed and consistently performed
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If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
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Comparative appraisals of efficacy require not only evaluation of ones own performances but also knowledge of how others do, cognizance of nonability determinants of their performances, and some understanding that it is others, like oneself, who provide the most informative social criterion for comparison
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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There are countless studies on the negative spillover of job pressures on family life, but few on how job satisfaction enhances the quality of family life.
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If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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We are more heavily invested in the theories of failure than we are in the theories of success.
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
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Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge
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When people are not aiming for anything in particular or when they cannot monitor their performance, there is little basis for translating perceived efficacy into appropriate magnitudes of effort
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Humans are producers of their life circumstance not just products of them.
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