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Given a sufficient level of perceived self-efficacy to take on threatening tasks, phobics perform them with varying amounts of fear arousal depending on the strength of their perceived self-efficacy

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Level
Efficacy
Strength
Amounts
Amount
Depending
Levels
Perceived
Fear
Threatening
Given
Perform
Self
Sufficient
Arousal
Take
Tasks
Varying

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Persons who have a strong sense of efficacy deploy their attention and effort to the demands of the situation and are spurred by obstacles to greater effort.
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
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The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Except for events that carry great weight, it is not experience per se, but how they match expectations, that governs their emotional impact
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
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Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
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Comparative appraisals of efficacy require not only evaluation of ones own performances but also knowledge of how others do, cognizance of nonability determinants of their performances, and some understanding that it is others, like oneself, who provide the most informative social criterion for comparison
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
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In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
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People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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Regression analyses show that self-efficacy contributes to achievement behavior beyond the effects of cognitive skills
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People who hold a low view of themselves [will credit] their achievements to external factors, rather than to their own capabilities.
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The evaluative habits developed in sibling interactions undoubtedly affect the salience and choice of comparative referents in self-ability evaluations in later life
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