Quote

Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Situation
Perceived
Experience
Lower
Skillfully
Sense
Perform
Arousal
May
Situations
Anxiously
Able
Leads
Disruptive
Self
Potential
Efficacy
People
Threat
Coping
Approach
Threats

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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest
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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
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Coping with the demands of everyday life would be exceedingly trying if one could arrive at solutions to problems only by actually performing possible options and suffering the consequences.
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Self-percepts foster actions that generate information, as well as serve as a filtering mechanism for self-referent information in the self-maintaining process
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In the self-appraisal of efficacy, there are many sources of information that must be processed and weighed through self-referent thought
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Social cognitive theory rejects the dichotomous conception of self as agent and self as object. Acting on the environment and acting on oneself entail shifting the perspective of the same agent rather than reifying different selves regulating each other or transforming the self from agent to object
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In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
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Ironically, it is the talented who have high aspirations, which are possible but exceedingly difficult to realize, who are especially vulnerable to self-dissatisfaction despite notable achievements.
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Moral justification is a powerful disengagement mechanism. Destructive conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it in the service of moral ends. This is why most appeals against violent means usually fall on deaf ears.
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Regression analyses show that self-efficacy contributes to achievement behavior beyond the effects of cognitive skills
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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Among the types of thoughts that affect action, none is more central or pervasive than people's judgments of their capabilities to deal effectively with different realities
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A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
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Discrepancies between self-efficacy judgment and performance will arise when either the tasks or the circumstances under which they are performed are ambiguous
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To the extent that children with similar characteristics achieve comparable performance levels, using the performances of similar peers is likely to yield more accurate self-appraisal than using the accomplishments of dissimilar peers
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge
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