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Self efficacious children tend to attribute their successes to ability, but ability attributions affect performance indirectly through perceived self-efficacy

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Attributes
Affect
Attribution
Performance
Efficacious
Performances
Indirectly
Tend
Efficacy
Ability
Attribute
Self
Successes
Children
Perceived

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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
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After people become convinced they have what it takes to succeed, they persevere in the face of adversity and quickly rebound from setbacks. By sticking it out through tough times, they emerge stronger from adversity.
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Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
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When people are not aiming for anything in particular or when they cannot monitor their performance, there is little basis for translating perceived efficacy into appropriate magnitudes of effort
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Comparative appraisals of efficacy require not only evaluation of ones own performances but also knowledge of how others do, cognizance of nonability determinants of their performances, and some understanding that it is others, like oneself, who provide the most informative social criterion for comparison
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience
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People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions
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One cannot afford to be a realist.
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. The natural and extrinsic effects of their actions, in turn, partly determine their thought patterns and affective reactions.
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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The evaluative habits developed in sibling interactions undoubtedly affect the salience and choice of comparative referents in self-ability evaluations in later life
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