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Self efficacious children tend to attribute their successes to ability, but ability attributions affect performance indirectly through perceived self-efficacy

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Ability
Attribute
Self
Successes
Children
Perceived
Attributes
Affect
Attribution
Performance
Efficacious
Performances
Indirectly
Tend
Efficacy

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Regression analyses show that self-efficacy contributes to achievement behavior beyond the effects of cognitive skills
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Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures
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Discrepancies between self-efficacy judgment and performance will arise when either the tasks or the circumstances under which they are performed are ambiguous
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Self-percepts foster actions that generate information, as well as serve as a filtering mechanism for self-referent information in the self-maintaining process
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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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In any given instance, behavior can be predicted best by considering both self-efficacy and outcome beliefs . . . different patterns of self-efficacy and outcome beliefs are likely to produce different psychological effects
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Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge
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The presence of many interacting influences, including the attainments of others, create further leeway in how one's performances and outcomes are cognitively appraised
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Perceived self-efficacy also shapes causal thinking. In seeking solutions to difficult problems, those who perceived themselves as highly efficacious are inclined to attribute their failures to insufficient effort, whereas those of comparable skills but lower perceived self-efficacy ascribe their failures to deficient ability
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Ironically, it is the talented who have high aspirations, which are possible but exceedingly difficult to realize, who are especially vulnerable to self-dissatisfaction despite notable achievements.
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People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell it.
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People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions
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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry
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