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Perceived self-efficacy influences the types of causal attributions people make for their performances

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Influences
Types
Performances
Type
Influence
Attribution
Self
Causal
Make
Efficacy
People
Perceived

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Freedom [should not be] conceived negatively as exemption from social influences or situational constraints. Rather...positively as the exercise of self-influence to bring about desired results.
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Even the self-assured will raise their perceived self-efficacy if models teach them better ways of doing things.
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The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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Self-percepts foster actions that generate information, as well as serve as a filtering mechanism for self-referent information in the self-maintaining process
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Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
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Because of such conjointedness, behavior that exerts no effect whatsoever on outcomes is developed and consistently performed
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Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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Regression analyses show that self-efficacy contributes to achievement behavior beyond the effects of cognitive skills
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If you look at our theories of social pathology and then at the dismal conditions in which children grow up in our ghettos, you would predict that all of them would be on drugs or psychological basket cases. Yet if you use criteria like gainful employment, forming partnerships and life without crime, you will find that most of those kids make it.
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To grant thought causal efficacy is not to invoke a disembodied mental state
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
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Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures
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Success and failure are largely self-defined in terms of personal standards. The higher the self-standards, the more likely will given attainments be viewed as failures, regardless of what others might think.
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Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
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The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
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