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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
People
Conditions
Efficacy
Effort
Successes
High
Relatively
Difficult
Achieved
Easy
Lows
Self
Tasks
Infer
Hard
Master
Minimal
Work
Masters
Favorable

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Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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Convictions that outcomes are determined by one's own actions can be either demoralizing or heartening, depending on the level of self-judged efficacy. People who regard outcomes as personally determined, but who lack the requisite skills, would experience low self-efficacy and view the activities with a sense of futility
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell it.
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Among the types of thoughts that affect action, none is more central or pervasive than people's judgments of their capabilities to deal effectively with different realities
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Except for events that carry great weight, it is not experience per se, but how they match expectations, that governs their emotional impact
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Perceived self-efficacy and beliefs about the locus of outcome causality must be distinguished
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A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
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Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge
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People judge their capabilities partly by comparing their performances with those of others
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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest
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Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
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Self efficacious children tend to attribute their successes to ability, but ability attributions affect performance indirectly through perceived self-efficacy
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