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Such self-referent misgivings creates stress and undermine effective use of the competencies people possess by diverting attention from how best to proceed to concern over personal failings and possible mishaps

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Use
Creates
Diverting
Best
Effective
Mishaps
Self
Stress
Misgivings
People
Concern
Competencies
Failing
Failings
Personal
Undermine
Possible
Proceed
Attention
Possess
Referent

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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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Social cognitive theory rejects the dichotomous conception of self as agent and self as object. Acting on the environment and acting on oneself entail shifting the perspective of the same agent rather than reifying different selves regulating each other or transforming the self from agent to object
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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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Psychology cannot tell people how they ought to live their lives. It can however, provide them with the means for effecting personal and social change.
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People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
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After people become convinced they have what it takes to succeed, they persevere in the face of adversity and quickly rebound from setbacks. By sticking it out through tough times, they emerge stronger from adversity.
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Persons who have a strong sense of efficacy deploy their attention and effort to the demands of the situation and are spurred by obstacles to greater effort.
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People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell it.
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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The evaluative habits developed in sibling interactions undoubtedly affect the salience and choice of comparative referents in self-ability evaluations in later life
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Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence
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