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Regression analyses show that self-efficacy contributes to achievement behavior beyond the effects of cognitive skills

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Show
Efficacy
Shows
Cognitive
Self
Analysis
Achievement
Skills
Behavior
Analyses
Effects
Regression
Beyond
Contributes

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Very often we developed a better grasp of the subjects than the over worked teachers.
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One cannot afford to be a realist.
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Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures
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The presence of many interacting influences, including the attainments of others, create further leeway in how one's performances and outcomes are cognitively appraised
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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[Children] receive direct instruction from time to time about the appropriateness of various social comparisons
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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Among the types of thoughts that affect action, none is more central or pervasive than people's judgments of their capabilities to deal effectively with different realities
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As a general rule, moderate levels of arousal facilitate deployment of skills, whereas high arousal disrupts it. This is especially true of complex activities requiring intricate organization of behavior
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When people are not aiming for anything in particular or when they cannot monitor their performance, there is little basis for translating perceived efficacy into appropriate magnitudes of effort
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To grant thought causal efficacy is not to invoke a disembodied mental state
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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Dualistic doctrines that regard mind and body as separate entities do not provide much enlightenment on the nature of the disembodied mental state or on how an immaterial mind and bodily events act on each other
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People who hold a low view of themselves [will credit] their achievements to external factors, rather than to their own capabilities.
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In any given instance, behavior can be predicted best by considering both self-efficacy and outcome beliefs . . . different patterns of self-efficacy and outcome beliefs are likely to produce different psychological effects
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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
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Even the self-assured will raise their perceived self-efficacy if models teach them better ways of doing things.
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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