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In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Results
Cognitive
Experience
Perceived
Social
Sources
Wells
Diverse
Well
Direct
Vicariously
Self
Source
Conveyed
Theory
Efficacy
Information
Evaluation

More quotes by Albert Bandura

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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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Except for events that carry great weight, it is not experience per se, but how they match expectations, that governs their emotional impact
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence
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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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People who hold a low view of themselves [will credit] their achievements to external factors, rather than to their own capabilities.
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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Such self-referent misgivings creates stress and undermine effective use of the competencies people possess by diverting attention from how best to proceed to concern over personal failings and possible mishaps
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One cannot afford to be a realist.
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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The adequacy of performance attainments depends upon the personal standards against which they are judged
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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Perceived self-efficacy also shapes causal thinking. In seeking solutions to difficult problems, those who perceived themselves as highly efficacious are inclined to attribute their failures to insufficient effort, whereas those of comparable skills but lower perceived self-efficacy ascribe their failures to deficient ability
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