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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
Albert Bandura
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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Social
Adequacy
Judgments
Involve
Processes
Comparison
Judgment
Process
More quotes by Albert Bandura
Freedom [should not be] conceived negatively as exemption from social influences or situational constraints. Rather...positively as the exercise of self-influence to bring about desired results.
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To grant thought causal efficacy is not to invoke a disembodied mental state
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In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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Such self-referent misgivings creates stress and undermine effective use of the competencies people possess by diverting attention from how best to proceed to concern over personal failings and possible mishaps
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
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In the self-appraisal of efficacy, there are many sources of information that must be processed and weighed through self-referent thought
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Perceived self-efficacy also shapes causal thinking. In seeking solutions to difficult problems, those who perceived themselves as highly efficacious are inclined to attribute their failures to insufficient effort, whereas those of comparable skills but lower perceived self-efficacy ascribe their failures to deficient ability
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If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.
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Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
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After people become convinced they have what it takes to succeed, they persevere in the face of adversity and quickly rebound from setbacks. By sticking it out through tough times, they emerge stronger from adversity.
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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To the extent that children with similar characteristics achieve comparable performance levels, using the performances of similar peers is likely to yield more accurate self-appraisal than using the accomplishments of dissimilar peers
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Self-percepts foster actions that generate information, as well as serve as a filtering mechanism for self-referent information in the self-maintaining process
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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