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Self-percepts foster actions that generate information, as well as serve as a filtering mechanism for self-referent information in the self-maintaining process

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Well
Maintaining
Self
Mechanism
Serve
Actions
Information
Referent
Process
Filtering
Action
Foster
Wells
Generate

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Except for events that carry great weight, it is not experience per se, but how they match expectations, that governs their emotional impact
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Freedom [should not be] conceived negatively as exemption from social influences or situational constraints. Rather...positively as the exercise of self-influence to bring about desired results.
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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
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People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided.
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Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
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Because of such conjointedness, behavior that exerts no effect whatsoever on outcomes is developed and consistently performed
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Discrepancies between self-efficacy judgment and performance will arise when either the tasks or the circumstances under which they are performed are ambiguous
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Among the types of thoughts that affect action, none is more central or pervasive than people's judgments of their capabilities to deal effectively with different realities
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
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Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge
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In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
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Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures
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Comparative appraisals of efficacy require not only evaluation of ones own performances but also knowledge of how others do, cognizance of nonability determinants of their performances, and some understanding that it is others, like oneself, who provide the most informative social criterion for comparison
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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
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