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Success and failure are largely self-defined in terms of personal standards. The higher the self-standards, the more likely will given attainments be viewed as failures, regardless of what others might think.
Albert Bandura
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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Thinking
Personal
Failures
Term
Regardless
Success
Defined
Given
Likely
Others
Standards
Attainments
Might
Terms
Viewed
Self
Failure
Attainment
Think
Higher
Largely
More quotes by Albert Bandura
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Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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Perceived self-efficacy influences the types of causal attributions people make for their performances
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To the extent that children with similar characteristics achieve comparable performance levels, using the performances of similar peers is likely to yield more accurate self-appraisal than using the accomplishments of dissimilar peers
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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Convictions that outcomes are determined by one's own actions can be either demoralizing or heartening, depending on the level of self-judged efficacy. People who regard outcomes as personally determined, but who lack the requisite skills, would experience low self-efficacy and view the activities with a sense of futility
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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience
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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence
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Through their capacity to manipulate symbols and to engage in reflective thought, people can generate novel ideas and innovative actions that transcend their past experiences
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
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People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell it.
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In any given instance, behavior can be predicted best by considering both self-efficacy and outcome beliefs . . . different patterns of self-efficacy and outcome beliefs are likely to produce different psychological effects
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[Attributional] factors serve as conveyors of efficacy information that influence performance largely through their intervening effects on self-percepts of efficacy
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Even the self-assured will raise their perceived self-efficacy if models teach them better ways of doing things.
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Freedom [should not be] conceived negatively as exemption from social influences or situational constraints. Rather...positively as the exercise of self-influence to bring about desired results.
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