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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Exist
Erroneously
Events
Contingency
Fact
Prior
Often
Followed
Action
Acts
Facts
Perceive
People
Related
Causally
Actions
Contingencies

More quotes by Albert Bandura

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Coping with the demands of everyday life would be exceedingly trying if one could arrive at solutions to problems only by actually performing possible options and suffering the consequences.
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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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Humans are producers of their life circumstance not just products of them.
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
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[Attributional] factors serve as conveyors of efficacy information that influence performance largely through their intervening effects on self-percepts of efficacy
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Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities
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As a general rule, moderate levels of arousal facilitate deployment of skills, whereas high arousal disrupts it. This is especially true of complex activities requiring intricate organization of behavior
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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Given a sufficient level of perceived self-efficacy to take on threatening tasks, phobics perform them with varying amounts of fear arousal depending on the strength of their perceived self-efficacy
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People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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People judge their capabilities partly by comparing their performances with those of others
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Very often we developed a better grasp of the subjects than the over worked teachers.
Albert Bandura
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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
Albert Bandura
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
Albert Bandura