Quote

When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Often
Followed
Action
Acts
Facts
Perceive
People
Related
Causally
Actions
Contingencies
Exist
Erroneously
Events
Contingency
Fact
Prior

More quotes by Albert Bandura

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Convictions that outcomes are determined by one's own actions can be either demoralizing or heartening, depending on the level of self-judged efficacy. People who regard outcomes as personally determined, but who lack the requisite skills, would experience low self-efficacy and view the activities with a sense of futility
Albert Bandura
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
Albert Bandura
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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
Albert Bandura
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If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
Albert Bandura
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Such self-referent misgivings creates stress and undermine effective use of the competencies people possess by diverting attention from how best to proceed to concern over personal failings and possible mishaps
Albert Bandura
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Social cognitive theory rejects the dichotomous conception of self as agent and self as object. Acting on the environment and acting on oneself entail shifting the perspective of the same agent rather than reifying different selves regulating each other or transforming the self from agent to object
Albert Bandura
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If you look at our theories of social pathology and then at the dismal conditions in which children grow up in our ghettos, you would predict that all of them would be on drugs or psychological basket cases. Yet if you use criteria like gainful employment, forming partnerships and life without crime, you will find that most of those kids make it.
Albert Bandura
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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience
Albert Bandura
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
Albert Bandura
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In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
Albert Bandura
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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
Albert Bandura
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One cannot afford to be a realist.
Albert Bandura
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In the self-appraisal of efficacy, there are many sources of information that must be processed and weighed through self-referent thought
Albert Bandura
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People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
Albert Bandura
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
Albert Bandura
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
Albert Bandura
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
Albert Bandura
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[Attributional] factors serve as conveyors of efficacy information that influence performance largely through their intervening effects on self-percepts of efficacy
Albert Bandura
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
Albert Bandura
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
Albert Bandura