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People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Action
Expect
Accordance
Better
Behavior
Distribution
People
Effects
Consequences
Level
Actual
Levels
Beliefs
Results
Actions
Effort
Consequence
Predicted
Belief
Result
Regulate

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One cannot afford to be a realist.
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Humans are producers of their life circumstance not just products of them.
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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
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In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
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Given a sufficient level of perceived self-efficacy to take on threatening tasks, phobics perform them with varying amounts of fear arousal depending on the strength of their perceived self-efficacy
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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Perceived self-efficacy and beliefs about the locus of outcome causality must be distinguished
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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Coping with the demands of everyday life would be exceedingly trying if one could arrive at solutions to problems only by actually performing possible options and suffering the consequences.
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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Ironically, it is the talented who have high aspirations, which are possible but exceedingly difficult to realize, who are especially vulnerable to self-dissatisfaction despite notable achievements.
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Self-efficacy beliefs differ from outcome expectations, judgments of the likely consequence [that] behavior will produce.
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