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Through their capacity to manipulate symbols and to engage in reflective thought, people can generate novel ideas and innovative actions that transcend their past experiences

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Action
Innovative
Past
Manipulate
Thought
Engage
Ideas
Symbols
People
Experiences
Actions
Reflective
Capacity
Transcend
Novel
Generate

More quotes by Albert Bandura

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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
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In any given instance, behavior can be predicted best by considering both self-efficacy and outcome beliefs . . . different patterns of self-efficacy and outcome beliefs are likely to produce different psychological effects
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As a general rule, moderate levels of arousal facilitate deployment of skills, whereas high arousal disrupts it. This is especially true of complex activities requiring intricate organization of behavior
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
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The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
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We are more heavily invested in the theories of failure than we are in the theories of success.
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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When people are not aiming for anything in particular or when they cannot monitor their performance, there is little basis for translating perceived efficacy into appropriate magnitudes of effort
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Social cognitive theory rejects the dichotomous conception of self as agent and self as object. Acting on the environment and acting on oneself entail shifting the perspective of the same agent rather than reifying different selves regulating each other or transforming the self from agent to object
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In the self-appraisal of efficacy, there are many sources of information that must be processed and weighed through self-referent thought
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions
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Humans are producers of their life circumstance not just products of them.
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If you look at our theories of social pathology and then at the dismal conditions in which children grow up in our ghettos, you would predict that all of them would be on drugs or psychological basket cases. Yet if you use criteria like gainful employment, forming partnerships and life without crime, you will find that most of those kids make it.
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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