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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Better
Alter
Human
Outlook
Outlooks
Humans
Condition
Altering
Trying
Serve
Detrimental
Perspective
Nourish
Circumstances
Perspectives
Conditions
Ignoring
Personal
Improved

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In any given instance, behavior can be predicted best by considering both self-efficacy and outcome beliefs . . . different patterns of self-efficacy and outcome beliefs are likely to produce different psychological effects
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
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What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. The natural and extrinsic effects of their actions, in turn, partly determine their thought patterns and affective reactions.
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Freedom [should not be] conceived negatively as exemption from social influences or situational constraints. Rather...positively as the exercise of self-influence to bring about desired results.
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
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People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
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[Children] receive direct instruction from time to time about the appropriateness of various social comparisons
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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
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People who hold a low view of themselves [will credit] their achievements to external factors, rather than to their own capabilities.
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Social cognitive theory rejects the dichotomous conception of self as agent and self as object. Acting on the environment and acting on oneself entail shifting the perspective of the same agent rather than reifying different selves regulating each other or transforming the self from agent to object
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience
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