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In the self-appraisal of efficacy, there are many sources of information that must be processed and weighed through self-referent thought

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Self
Appraisal
Many
Processed
Must
Weighed
Efficacy
Sources
Source
Information
Thought
Referent

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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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To grant thought causal efficacy is not to invoke a disembodied mental state
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
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Convictions that outcomes are determined by one's own actions can be either demoralizing or heartening, depending on the level of self-judged efficacy. People who regard outcomes as personally determined, but who lack the requisite skills, would experience low self-efficacy and view the activities with a sense of futility
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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
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There are countless studies on the negative spillover of job pressures on family life, but few on how job satisfaction enhances the quality of family life.
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Regression analyses show that self-efficacy contributes to achievement behavior beyond the effects of cognitive skills
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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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People who hold a low view of themselves [will credit] their achievements to external factors, rather than to their own capabilities.
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When people are not aiming for anything in particular or when they cannot monitor their performance, there is little basis for translating perceived efficacy into appropriate magnitudes of effort
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
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Even the self-assured will raise their perceived self-efficacy if models teach them better ways of doing things.
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As a general rule, moderate levels of arousal facilitate deployment of skills, whereas high arousal disrupts it. This is especially true of complex activities requiring intricate organization of behavior
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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The presence of many interacting influences, including the attainments of others, create further leeway in how one's performances and outcomes are cognitively appraised
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People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell it.
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In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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