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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Beliefs
Actions
Effects
Create
Belief
Forceful
Often
Erroneous
Social
Arising
Action
Confirm

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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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Psychology cannot tell people how they ought to live their lives. It can however, provide them with the means for effecting personal and social change.
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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
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As a general rule, moderate levels of arousal facilitate deployment of skills, whereas high arousal disrupts it. This is especially true of complex activities requiring intricate organization of behavior
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People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided.
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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The adequacy of performance attainments depends upon the personal standards against which they are judged
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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To grant thought causal efficacy is not to invoke a disembodied mental state
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The evaluative habits developed in sibling interactions undoubtedly affect the salience and choice of comparative referents in self-ability evaluations in later life
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Through their capacity to manipulate symbols and to engage in reflective thought, people can generate novel ideas and innovative actions that transcend their past experiences
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Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence
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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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