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Self-efficacy beliefs differ from outcome expectations, judgments of the likely consequence [that] behavior will produce.

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Consequence
Expectations
Efficacy
Judgment
Differ
Behavior
Judgments
Produce
Outcome
Belief
Outcomes
Self
Beliefs
Likely

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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
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In any given instance, behavior can be predicted best by considering both self-efficacy and outcome beliefs . . . different patterns of self-efficacy and outcome beliefs are likely to produce different psychological effects
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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
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Dualistic doctrines that regard mind and body as separate entities do not provide much enlightenment on the nature of the disembodied mental state or on how an immaterial mind and bodily events act on each other
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[Attributional] factors serve as conveyors of efficacy information that influence performance largely through their intervening effects on self-percepts of efficacy
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Except for events that carry great weight, it is not experience per se, but how they match expectations, that governs their emotional impact
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry
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Humans are producers of their life circumstance not just products of them.
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To grant thought causal efficacy is not to invoke a disembodied mental state
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The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
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A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
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Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
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If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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As a general rule, moderate levels of arousal facilitate deployment of skills, whereas high arousal disrupts it. This is especially true of complex activities requiring intricate organization of behavior
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Perceived self-efficacy also shapes causal thinking. In seeking solutions to difficult problems, those who perceived themselves as highly efficacious are inclined to attribute their failures to insufficient effort, whereas those of comparable skills but lower perceived self-efficacy ascribe their failures to deficient ability
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