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What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. The natural and extrinsic effects of their actions, in turn, partly determine their thought patterns and affective reactions.

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Feel
Determine
Feels
Actions
Affective
Believe
Effects
Extrinsic
Think
Turn
Partly
Thinking
Turns
Affects
People
Natural
Reactions
Action
Behave
Thought
Patterns

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People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
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Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, only to be catapulted into new social realities over which they have less control and manage badly. Indeed, the annals of the famous and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their life courses.
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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Except for events that carry great weight, it is not experience per se, but how they match expectations, that governs their emotional impact
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Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Perceived self-efficacy also shapes causal thinking. In seeking solutions to difficult problems, those who perceived themselves as highly efficacious are inclined to attribute their failures to insufficient effort, whereas those of comparable skills but lower perceived self-efficacy ascribe their failures to deficient ability
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
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Even the self-assured will raise their perceived self-efficacy if models teach them better ways of doing things.
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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In the self-appraisal of efficacy, there are many sources of information that must be processed and weighed through self-referent thought
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Social cognitive theory rejects the dichotomous conception of self as agent and self as object. Acting on the environment and acting on oneself entail shifting the perspective of the same agent rather than reifying different selves regulating each other or transforming the self from agent to object
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest
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Self efficacious children tend to attribute their successes to ability, but ability attributions affect performance indirectly through perceived self-efficacy
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As a general rule, moderate levels of arousal facilitate deployment of skills, whereas high arousal disrupts it. This is especially true of complex activities requiring intricate organization of behavior
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People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided.
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Among the types of thoughts that affect action, none is more central or pervasive than people's judgments of their capabilities to deal effectively with different realities
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