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People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided.

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Approach
Mastered
Challenges
Capabilities
High
Threats
Rather
Avoided
Difficult
Assurance
People
Capability
Tasks
Threat

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How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest
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Self efficacious children tend to attribute their successes to ability, but ability attributions affect performance indirectly through perceived self-efficacy
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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Self-efficacy beliefs differ from outcome expectations, judgments of the likely consequence [that] behavior will produce.
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Among the types of thoughts that affect action, none is more central or pervasive than people's judgments of their capabilities to deal effectively with different realities
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In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
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Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures
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Freedom [should not be] conceived negatively as exemption from social influences or situational constraints. Rather...positively as the exercise of self-influence to bring about desired results.
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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
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The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
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In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
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Even the self-assured will raise their perceived self-efficacy if models teach them better ways of doing things.
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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