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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
People
Evaluate
Alter
Gain
Reflection
Gains
Understanding
Thinking

More quotes by Albert Bandura

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Comparative appraisals of efficacy require not only evaluation of ones own performances but also knowledge of how others do, cognizance of nonability determinants of their performances, and some understanding that it is others, like oneself, who provide the most informative social criterion for comparison
Albert Bandura
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
Albert Bandura
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A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
Albert Bandura
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Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures
Albert Bandura
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The adequacy of performance attainments depends upon the personal standards against which they are judged
Albert Bandura
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
Albert Bandura
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The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
Albert Bandura
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Freedom [should not be] conceived negatively as exemption from social influences or situational constraints. Rather...positively as the exercise of self-influence to bring about desired results.
Albert Bandura
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
Albert Bandura
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Discrepancies between self-efficacy judgment and performance will arise when either the tasks or the circumstances under which they are performed are ambiguous
Albert Bandura
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Self-efficacy beliefs differ from outcome expectations, judgments of the likely consequence [that] behavior will produce.
Albert Bandura
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
Albert Bandura
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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
Albert Bandura
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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience
Albert Bandura
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Such self-referent misgivings creates stress and undermine effective use of the competencies people possess by diverting attention from how best to proceed to concern over personal failings and possible mishaps
Albert Bandura
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Moral justification is a powerful disengagement mechanism. Destructive conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it in the service of moral ends. This is why most appeals against violent means usually fall on deaf ears.
Albert Bandura
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In the self-appraisal of efficacy, there are many sources of information that must be processed and weighed through self-referent thought
Albert Bandura
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
Albert Bandura
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
Albert Bandura
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
Albert Bandura