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People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
People
Evaluate
Alter
Gain
Reflection
Gains
Understanding
Thinking

More quotes by Albert Bandura

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Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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In any given instance, behavior can be predicted best by considering both self-efficacy and outcome beliefs . . . different patterns of self-efficacy and outcome beliefs are likely to produce different psychological effects
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One cannot afford to be a realist.
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When people are not aiming for anything in particular or when they cannot monitor their performance, there is little basis for translating perceived efficacy into appropriate magnitudes of effort
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Regression analyses show that self-efficacy contributes to achievement behavior beyond the effects of cognitive skills
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
Albert Bandura
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What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. The natural and extrinsic effects of their actions, in turn, partly determine their thought patterns and affective reactions.
Albert Bandura
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The adequacy of performance attainments depends upon the personal standards against which they are judged
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We are more heavily invested in the theories of failure than we are in the theories of success.
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In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
Albert Bandura
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
Albert Bandura
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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Perceived self-efficacy and beliefs about the locus of outcome causality must be distinguished
Albert Bandura
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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
Albert Bandura
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence
Albert Bandura
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If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
Albert Bandura