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If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Philosophy
Literature
Distinctly
Human
Reflective
Humans
Characteristic
Self
Capability
Characteristics
Educational
Consciousness

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When people are not aiming for anything in particular or when they cannot monitor their performance, there is little basis for translating perceived efficacy into appropriate magnitudes of effort
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Moral justification is a powerful disengagement mechanism. Destructive conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it in the service of moral ends. This is why most appeals against violent means usually fall on deaf ears.
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Self-percepts foster actions that generate information, as well as serve as a filtering mechanism for self-referent information in the self-maintaining process
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There are countless studies on the negative spillover of job pressures on family life, but few on how job satisfaction enhances the quality of family life.
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Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can
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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry
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Very often we developed a better grasp of the subjects than the over worked teachers.
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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
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Self efficacious children tend to attribute their successes to ability, but ability attributions affect performance indirectly through perceived self-efficacy
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Freedom [should not be] conceived negatively as exemption from social influences or situational constraints. Rather...positively as the exercise of self-influence to bring about desired results.
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People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
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Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
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One cannot afford to be a realist.
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The adequacy of performance attainments depends upon the personal standards against which they are judged
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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