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If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Human
Reflective
Humans
Characteristic
Self
Capability
Characteristics
Educational
Consciousness
Philosophy
Literature
Distinctly

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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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Success and failure are largely self-defined in terms of personal standards. The higher the self-standards, the more likely will given attainments be viewed as failures, regardless of what others might think.
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
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People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell it.
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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Through their capacity to manipulate symbols and to engage in reflective thought, people can generate novel ideas and innovative actions that transcend their past experiences
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
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Because of such conjointedness, behavior that exerts no effect whatsoever on outcomes is developed and consistently performed
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When people are not aiming for anything in particular or when they cannot monitor their performance, there is little basis for translating perceived efficacy into appropriate magnitudes of effort
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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry
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Psychology cannot tell people how they ought to live their lives. It can however, provide them with the means for effecting personal and social change.
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People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
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If you look at our theories of social pathology and then at the dismal conditions in which children grow up in our ghettos, you would predict that all of them would be on drugs or psychological basket cases. Yet if you use criteria like gainful employment, forming partnerships and life without crime, you will find that most of those kids make it.
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Coping with the demands of everyday life would be exceedingly trying if one could arrive at solutions to problems only by actually performing possible options and suffering the consequences.
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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