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If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Literature
Distinctly
Human
Reflective
Humans
Characteristic
Self
Capability
Characteristics
Educational
Consciousness
Philosophy

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Because of such conjointedness, behavior that exerts no effect whatsoever on outcomes is developed and consistently performed
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The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
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People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
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Moral justification is a powerful disengagement mechanism. Destructive conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it in the service of moral ends. This is why most appeals against violent means usually fall on deaf ears.
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People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
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Such self-referent misgivings creates stress and undermine effective use of the competencies people possess by diverting attention from how best to proceed to concern over personal failings and possible mishaps
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If you look at our theories of social pathology and then at the dismal conditions in which children grow up in our ghettos, you would predict that all of them would be on drugs or psychological basket cases. Yet if you use criteria like gainful employment, forming partnerships and life without crime, you will find that most of those kids make it.
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence
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Dualistic doctrines that regard mind and body as separate entities do not provide much enlightenment on the nature of the disembodied mental state or on how an immaterial mind and bodily events act on each other
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Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully
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Convictions that outcomes are determined by one's own actions can be either demoralizing or heartening, depending on the level of self-judged efficacy. People who regard outcomes as personally determined, but who lack the requisite skills, would experience low self-efficacy and view the activities with a sense of futility
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Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge
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Very often we developed a better grasp of the subjects than the over worked teachers.
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Judgments of adequacy involve social comparison processes
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
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People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks
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