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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Judged
Accomplishment
Ill
Rely
Defined
Others
Find
Socially
Criteria

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Once established, reputations do not easily change.
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Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
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There are countless studies on the negative spillover of job pressures on family life, but few on how job satisfaction enhances the quality of family life.
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A problem of future research is to clarify how young children learn what type of social comparative information is most useful for efficacy evaluation
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One cannot afford to be a realist.
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Such self-referent misgivings creates stress and undermine effective use of the competencies people possess by diverting attention from how best to proceed to concern over personal failings and possible mishaps
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Discrepancies between self-efficacy judgment and performance will arise when either the tasks or the circumstances under which they are performed are ambiguous
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Convictions that outcomes are determined by one's own actions can be either demoralizing or heartening, depending on the level of self-judged efficacy. People who regard outcomes as personally determined, but who lack the requisite skills, would experience low self-efficacy and view the activities with a sense of futility
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Dualistic doctrines that regard mind and body as separate entities do not provide much enlightenment on the nature of the disembodied mental state or on how an immaterial mind and bodily events act on each other
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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience
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Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
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The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
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Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
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Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge
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Because of such conjointedness, behavior that exerts no effect whatsoever on outcomes is developed and consistently performed
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Comparative appraisals of efficacy require not only evaluation of ones own performances but also knowledge of how others do, cognizance of nonability determinants of their performances, and some understanding that it is others, like oneself, who provide the most informative social criterion for comparison
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The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence
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