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In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.

Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura
Age: 95 †
Born: 1925
Born: December 4
Died: 2021
Died: July 26
Psychologist
University Teacher
Self
Inevitable
Need
Meet
Needs
Succeed
Life
Struggle
Inequities
People
Fear
Resiliency
Sense
Efficacy
Order
Resilience
Together
Obstacles

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Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
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People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
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Misbeliefs in one's inefficacy may retard development of the very subskills upon which more complex performances depend
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To the extent that children with similar characteristics achieve comparable performance levels, using the performances of similar peers is likely to yield more accurate self-appraisal than using the accomplishments of dissimilar peers
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Given a sufficient level of perceived self-efficacy to take on threatening tasks, phobics perform them with varying amounts of fear arousal depending on the strength of their perceived self-efficacy
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Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not
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Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
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Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
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The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
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Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry
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When actions are followed by events that are not causally related to the prior acts, people often erroneously perceive contingencies that do not, in fact, exist
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People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions
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Coping with the demands of everyday life would be exceedingly trying if one could arrive at solutions to problems only by actually performing possible options and suffering the consequences.
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Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
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If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
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Moreover, joint occurrences tend to be better recalled than instances when the effect does not occur. The proneness to remember confirming instances, but to overlook disconfirming ones, further serves to convert, in thought, coincidences into causalities.
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It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior
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It is widely assumed that beliefs in personal determination of outcomes create a sense of efficacy and power, whereas beliefs that outcomes occur regardless of what one does result in apathy
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In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
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